Catalytic oxidation of CO over Pt/Fe3O4 catalysts: Tuning O2 activation and CO adsorption

• Strong metal-support interaction exists on Pt/Fe₃O₄ catalysts. • Pt metal particles facilitate the formation of oxygen vacancies on Fe₃O₄. • Fe₃O₄ supports enhance the strength of CO adsorption on Pt metal particles. The self-inhibition behavior due to CO poisoning on Pt metal particles strongly impairs the performance of CO oxidation. It is an effective method to use reducible metal oxides for supporting Pt metal particles to avoid self-inhibition and to improve catalytic performance. In this work, we used in situ reductions of chloroplatinic acid on commercial Fe₃O₄ powder to prepare heterogeneous-structured Pt/Fe₃O₄ catalysts in the solution of ethylene glycol. The heterogeneous Pt/Fe₃O₄ catalysts achieved a better catalytic performance of CO oxidation compared with the Fe₃O₄ powder. The temperatures of 50% and 90% CO conversion were achieved above 260°C and 290°C at Pt/Fe₃O₄, respectively. However, they are accomplished on Fe₃O₄ at temperatures higher than 310°C. XRD, XPS, and H₂-TPR results confirmed that the metallic Pt atoms have a strong synergistic interaction with the Fe₃O₄ supports. TGA results and transient DRIFTS results proved that the Pt metal particles facilitate the release of lattice oxygen and the formation of oxygen vacancies on Fe₃O₄. The combined results of O₂-TPD and DRIFTS indicated that the activation step of oxygen molecules at surface oxygen vacancies could potentially be the rate-determining step of the catalytic CO oxidation at Pt/Fe₃O₄ catalysts. The reaction pathway involves a Pt-assisted Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism.     

氨气敏电极法和纳氏试剂分光光度法对地表水中氨氮的比对测试

采用不同质量浓度的氨氮标准样品和实际样品,用氨气敏电极法和纳氏试剂分光光度法进行同步测试。结果表明,2种分析方法在水样氨氮质量浓度在0. 159～2. 81 mg/L范围内具有良好的可比性、精密性和准确性。氨气敏电极法的检出限为0. 03 mg/L,平行6次测定样品的相对标准偏差为0. 4%～4. 2%,加标回收率为85. 0%～110%;纳氏试剂分光光度法的检出限为0. 025 mg/L,平行6次测定样品的相对标准偏差为0. 5%～6. 4%,加标回收率为93. 0%～99. 8%。同时氨气敏电极法在样品预处理、试剂配制和分析时间上要优于纳氏试剂分光光度法。氨气敏电极法能够满足地表水自动监测在线比对实际工作的需求,该方法具有良好的适用性。     

黑龙江省平水期地表水总磷构成的研究

通过对黑龙江省平水期地表水总磷监测结果分析,探讨地表水总磷的构成、成因;提出了从源头治理地表水总磷污染建议。     

舰船海水管路腐蚀状态评估技术研究

目的研究建立舰船海水管路的腐蚀状态评估指标体系及评估方法。方法通过经验选择影响舰船海水管路腐蚀状态的重要指标,并确定相应评估方法、评价标准及权重。结果选择管材腐蚀程度、阴极保护状态、电绝缘保护状态、海水流速控制状态、密封材料密封状态5项参数组成海水管路系统腐蚀状态评估指标体系。结论可选用层次-模糊法对海水管路腐蚀状态进行评估,其中层次分析法(AHP)用来确定评价指标权重,模糊综合评判法用来处理评价指标值。     

海水重金属监测分析方法研究

总结国内外的海水水质重金属的监测分析方法,调查国内海水重金属分析方法,比较各种分析方法的优缺点.得到以下结论：海水中汞、砷、硒的主要分析方法为原子荧光法,此方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高等优点;铜、铅、锌、镉、镍的主要分析方法为原子吸收法,此方法比极谱法具有更好的灵敏度和重现性;总铬和六价铬的分析方法主要为二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法,方法操作简单、易于推广.     

秦皇岛洋河-戴河流域浅层地下水咸化程度评价

为了解秦皇岛洋戴河流域浅层地下水咸化程度,开展了野外调查和水样采集,现场测试EC、TDS指标,并对水样进行了室内水化学分析.应用层次分析法结合Arcgis对选取的6个指标(Cl离子、TDS、Li离子、钠吸附比、硝酸盐、潜在盐度)进行权重计算、归一化处理和栅格计算,得出地下水咸化等级分区(未咸化区、轻微咸化区、中等咸化区、严重咸化区).咸化最严重区域位于沿海平原,包括枣园村、王各庄村.中度咸化区部分位于沿海平原,包括都寨村、西陆庄村、蒋营村、樊各庄,主要是由海水入侵导致的;而樊各庄咸化的原因是海水入侵和工业废水的污染;其他中度咸化区位于低山丘陵区,包括大湾子村、兴隆寨村,则是由水岩作用、农业污水、生活污水造成的.轻微咸化区主要分布在中等咸化区周围,未咸化区集中在山前平原区.     

Predicting the aquatic risk of realistic pesticide mixtures to species assemblages in Portuguese river basins

Although pesticide regulatory tools are mainly based on individual substances, aquatic ecosystems are usually exposed to multiple pesticides from their use on the variety of crops within the catchment of a river. This study estimated the impact of measured pesticide mixtures in surface waters from 2002 and 2008 within three important Portuguese river basins (‘Mondego’, ‘Sado’ and ‘Tejo’) on primary producers, arthropods and fish by toxic pressure calculation. Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), in combination with mixture toxicity models, were applied. Considering the differences in the responses of the taxonomic groups as well as in the pesticide exposures that these organisms experience, variable acute multi-substance potentially affected fractions (msPAFs) were obtained. The median msPAF for primary producers and arthropods in surface waters of all river basins exceeded 5%, the cut-off value used in the prospective SSD approach for deriving individual environmental quality standards. A ranking procedure identified various photosystem II inhibiting herbicides, with oxadiazon having the relatively largest toxic effects on primary producers, while the organophosphorus insecticides, chlorfenvinphos and chlorpyrifos, and the organochloride endosulfan had the largest effects on arthropods and fish, respectively. These results ensure compliance with European legislation with regard to ecological risk assessment and management of pesticides in surface waters.     

Fabrication of ion doped WO3 photocatalysts through bulk and surface doping

Na⁺ doped WO₃ nanowire photocatalysts were prepared by using post-treatment (surface doping) and in situ (bulk doping) doping methods. Photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Blue was tested under visible light irradiation, the results showed that 1 wt.% Na⁺ bulk-doped WO₃ performed better, with higher photoactivity than surface-doped WO₃. Photoelectrochemical characterization revealed the differences in the photocatalytic process for surface doping and bulk doping. Uniform bulk doping could generate more electron–hole pairs, while minimizing the chance of electron–hole recombination. Some bulk properties such as the bandgap, Fermi level and band position could also be adjusted by bulk doping, but not by surface doping.     

Formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlor(am)ination of aquarium seawater

The chemistry associated with the disinfection of aquarium seawater is more complicated than that of freshwater, therefore limited information is available on the formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in marine aquaria. In this study, the effects of organic precursors, bromide(Br-) and pre-ozonation on the formation and speciation of several typical classes of DBPs, including trihalomethanes(THM4), haloacetic acids(HAAs),iodinated trihalomethanes(I-THMs), and haloacetamides(HAc Ams), were investigated during the chlorination/chloramination of aquarium seawater. Results indicate that with an increase in dissolved organic carbon concentration from 4.5 to 9.4 mg/L, the concentrations of THM4 and HAAs increased by 3.2–7.8 times under chlorination and by 1.1–2.3 times under chloramination. An increase in Br-concentration from 3 to 68 mg/L generally enhanced the formation of THM4, I-THMs and HAc Ams and increased the bromine substitution factors of all studied DBPs as well, whereas it impacted insignificantly on the yield of HAAs. Pre-ozonation with 1 mg/L O3 dose substantially reduced the formation of all studied DBPs in the subsequent chlorination and I-THMs in the subsequent chloramination. Because chloramination produces much lower amounts of DBPs than chlorination, it tends to be more suitable for disinfection of aquarium seawater.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/三重四极杆质谱法同时测定地表水中8种亚硝胺类化合物

建立了固相萃取（SPE）-超高效液相色谱/三重四极杆串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定地表水中8种亚硝胺类化合物的方法。水样中目标物经椰壳活性炭固相萃取小柱吸附富集，小柱经氮气吹干后采用二氯甲烷洗脱。待测样品采用Atlantis T₃柱，以水-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，大气压力化学电离源（APCI）正离子模式多反应监测方式（MRM）进行检测，内标法定量分析。8种目标物在相关线性范围内线性良好(r≥0.9950)，地表水加标回收率为55.4%~90.4%，相对标准偏差为3.1%~14.3%，方法检出限为1.1 ~1.8 ng/L。本方法准确度和灵敏度高，适用于快速测定地表水中8种亚硝胺类化合物含量。